Modern "Big Tech" business models rely on Data Mining, the large-scale harvesting of user behavior, location, and preferences to fuel targeted advertising.

Australia is implementing a strict, absolute 16+ age restriction for social media by late 2025, enforcing ""reasonable steps"" on platforms to ban users under 16, according to a recent analysis of international regulatory trends. Similarly, Malaysia is planning to introduce a 16+ limit for social media in 2026, which may include parental exceptions and mandatory identity verification.

The "AI bubble" refers to the current surge in AI investment, with companies like OpenAI, Google, and Microsoft pouring hundreds of billions into AI development, driving up valuations and energy consumption.

Before 2023, Malaysia enforced a mandatory
death penalty, requiring judges to sentence
those convicted of specific crimes like murder or
drug trafficking to death. Following the 2023
reforms, the death penalty is now discretionary,
allowing judges to choose between execution or
30–40 years in prison. Currently, a moratorium
remains in place, meaning no executions have
occurred since 2017.

Humanitarian space refers to the physical and
conceptual environment in which humanitarian
organisations can operate safely and effectively to deliver aid to people in need.

Social commerce is the integration of e-commerce directly into social media platforms, allowing users to discover, browse, and purchase products without leaving apps like Instagram, TikTok, or Facebook.

Long-term employer loyalty is a workplace norm where employees stay with one company for most of their careers, receiving job security, pay raises based on seniority, and other benefits in return. Employers and employees mutually expect this commitment. It is often enforced through non-compete clauses, which restrict workers from joining rival companies or starting competing businesses after leaving.

Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a recurring cash payment provided by the government to individuals regardless of their background. 

Currently, many countries use an “opt-in” system
where citizens must actively sign up to be organ
donors. This motion proposes an “opt-out”
(presumed consent) system: all adults are legally
considered organ donors after death unless they
specifically registered a request not to be.
Families cannot overrule this status if the
deceased did not opt out.

Genetic engineering allows scientists to modify
DNA to prevent specific conditions. This motion
refers to germline editing, where changes are
made to embryos or reproductive cells. This
ensures that hereditary diseases (e.g., Cystic
Fibrosis, Huntington’s) are not passed down to
the child or any future generations they may
have.

Viral diseases like Measles and Polio have seen a
resurgence in 2024–2025 due to falling immunisation rates. This motion proposes that "presumed consent" is not enough; students must provide proof of vaccination to attend school, with no exemptions allowed for philosophical or religious beliefs. This aims to maintain herd immunity and protect vulnerable students who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons.

The "Melting Pot" promotes a single national identity where cultures blend into one. In contrast, the "Salad Bowl" (Multiculturalism) encourages groups to maintain their unique traditions while coexistng within a larger society. This debate compares whether social unity is better achieved through shared assimilation or the protection of diverse heritage.

Many museums house artifacts acquired during colonial eras or through historical conflicts. Repatriation is the process of returning these items (like the Elgin Marbles or Benin Bronzes) to their countries of origin. This debate weighs the rights of heritage and restorative justice against the role of "Universal Museums" in global education and preservation. 

Thrifting is the act of purchasing secondhand clothing that has been donated to or collected by secondhand clothing stores (also known as thrift shops). The rise in the popularity of thrifting is characterised by more individuals, not necessarily just poorer people, purchasing secondhand clothing. It is up to teams to characterise what has driven the popularity of thrifting.

"Climate Reparations" are payments made by wealthy, industrialised nations (Global North) to developing countries (Global South) for environmental damage. Proponents argue this is historical justice for colonial-era pollution. Opponents argue that funds should focus on future innovation rather than past blame, and that "unlimited" claims are economically unrealistic. 

As AI Data Centres are on the rise, freshwater has been used to cool them down. This creates a major freshwater reserve depletion, in which we will run out by 2030. These facilities consume billions of litres annually, often competing with local communities for limited supply, and without regulation this trend could worsen water scarcity and threaten basic human needs.

While commonly viewed as a contest between nations, officially. The Olympic Games are competitions between athletes and teams, not between countries. According to Rule 6 of the Olympic Charter, the Games focus on individual and team performance rather than national rivalry. However, the structure of the event often makes it feel like a competition between countries.

Modern sports are multi-billion dollar industry driven by record-breaking transfer fees and pervasive sponsorships. This debate examines whether this "business-first" model prioritises profit over passion, widening the gap between wealthy and poor clubs while eroding the traditional values, integrity, and community spirit that define the "spirit of the game". 

The Enhanced Games is a proposed, highly controversial international multi-sport event scheduled for 2026 that permits athletes to be Medically-Supervised for Human Enhancements, challenging traditional drug-free sport models. It offers a massive financial incentives (eg. earning $1 Million for breaking world records)

Under Article 27 of the UN Charter, any of the five permanent members (P5: China, France, Russia, UK, US can block "substantive" resolutions with a single negative vote, regardless of majority support. This debate examines whether removing this privilege is necessary to end geopolitical deadlock and ensure a more equitable global governance system.

Sarawak generates over 70% of its electricity from mega-dams like Bakun and Murum to drive the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy

(SCORE). While these provide low-carbon power and industrial growth, critics highlight the displacement of indigenous communities, loss of Native Customary Rights (NCR) land, and significant biodiversity threats from flooding massive rainforest areas.

Sarawak is a top destination for patients from Indonesia and Brunei, bringing in millions in revenue. However, while cities like Kuching have world-class private heart and cancer centres, many rural areas still rely on wooden clinics with limited doctors.

Bujang Senang was a legendary 19-foot white-backed crocodile from the Batang Lupar. Folklore says he was the reincarnation of Simalungun, a betrayed Iban warrior. Beyond the myth, he is Sarawak's ultimate icon, serving as the official mascot and nickname ("The Crocs") of the state football team during their "Ngap Sayot" golden era. This motion proposes appointing his spirit as the legal guardian of rivers to leverage his cultural authority against environmental crimes.